![]() ![]() These are usually paid for by the member, but in some states may be funded by sources such as state grants. Some AFAMs are authorized by the Secretary of the Air Force or his designee but not funded by NHQ. ![]() Some AFAMs are paid for by National Headquarters, Civil Air Patrol (NHQ) with funds provided by the Air Force, either directly through the Cooperative Agreement, or indirectly by a third-party such as AFROTC or FEMA. The important thing to remember is that every AFAM has been specifically authorized by an Air Force officer, or employee. Much of the Secretary’s authority has been delegated to other Air Force agencies, such as 1st Air Force, the Air Force Rescue Coordination Center, or CAP-USAF. As the name implies, AFAMs are assigned to CAP by the Secretary of the Air Force under his statutory authority granted in Title 10 of the U. From a legal perspective, there are two types of missions: Air Force assigned missions (AFAMs) and corporate missions. To comprehend the complex issues of liability and benefits it is first necessary to understand how our missions are classified. In each case there was the question of who pays, how much, for what. In the past few years we have had a King Air aircraft damaged on landing when one of its propellers hit a CAP glider tow rope that had been left on the runway, a 4 year old child injured at an impromptu football game at a squadron building, the mother of a prospective cadet break her leg when she stepped into a depressed floor drain in a CAP hangar, a CAP member break his back while climbing on leadership development course apparatus on an Army post, a member killed when he was hit by a freight train at an unmarked crossing while retrieving a target for a SAREX, and many more incidents. Judging from the number of follow-up questions, this is an area of great concern to members, and rightly so. Stan Leibowitz, Group VI Legal OfficerĪt the Town Hall meeting following the recent Wing Conference, I was asked about liability protection for our pilots and others performing Civil Air Patrol missions. Such matters include real estate, investigations, insurance, taxation, legal structure, contract review, and interpretation of the law.Įveryone Needs Some Protection Once In Awhile By Col. The paper concludes with a discussion of Bowen ratio and heat transfers at the study area vis-a-vis other snow-free tundra environments.The Legal Officer serves the command by advising on legal matters pertaining to operations, events, and overall management. At this time, the available net radiation was adequate for all heat transfers and a perfect energy balance resulted. The exception was the period 13-16 July, when the driest soil conditions recorded were associated with minimum latent heat flux demands. Latent heat fluxes exceeded the available net radiation for most of the period and the supplementary energy was provided by ground heat flux, which was characterised by large negative values. ![]() Conversely, when the soil was at its driest, the Bowen ratio averaged 0.51 with frequent surges over 1.00 when sensible heat fluxes become temporarily dominant. During this rainy period, the lowest Bowen ratio values were recorded (0.22) despite the limited supply of net radiation. Obviously, the latent heat flux was at its greatest when snow ablation maintained the field capacity of the soil and especially in wet cyclonic weather, when surface water was evident. However, the transfers were controlled by the synoptic variations which influenced the supply of net radiation and surface moisture levels. The Bowen ratio and heat transfer data emphasise the dominance of latent heat fluxes over the freely evaporating and transpiring terrain. Albedo changes were related to variations in surface moisture, ranging from 22.5 percent at the end of the dry spell to 15.5 percent when standing water occupied all surface depressions. The remaining shortwave and longwave components displayed similar decreases. For example, the incoming shortwave radiation averaged 25.8 Megajoules per square metre per day (MJm-2 day-1) with clear anticyclonic weather compared with 19.3 MJm-2 day-1 in the changeable period (with alternating cloudy and sunny spells) and 11.3 MJm-2 day-1 in the cloudy cyclonic period. anticyclonic, changeable/transitional and cyclonic. The data varied considerably with the three synoptic periods observed at the site viz. This paper examines the radiation balance and heat transfers over undisturbed subarctic tundra. ![]()
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